What is a Handpan? Discover its Unique Sound and Fascinating History

A handpan is a unique percussion instrument known for its soothing, melodic sounds and distinctive steel construction. The term 'hand pan' is also commonly used as an alternative spelling or branding, and it is important to note that 'handpan' or 'hand pan' are distinct from the original 'Hang' or 'Hang Drum,' which refer specifically to instruments made by PANArt. Made from two joined metal shells, it creates rich, resonant tones that captivate musicians and listeners alike. The handpan is a relatively new family of percussive instruments that produce smooth ambient tones when played with both hands. Designed to create warm, long tones when played, its construction and design features contribute to its expressive sound. In this guide, we’ll explore what is a handpan, its origins, structure, sound, playing techniques, and tips for choosing the right one.

Key Takeaways

• The handpan was developed in the late 1990s by Felix Rohner and Sabina Schärer, inspired by the steel pan, and formally introduced as the PANArt Hang in 2001.

• Handpans consist of two hemispherical shells and produce sound through the vibrations of its metal surface when struck, allowing for various tuning options and a wide range of melodic expression.

• When choosing a handpan, factors such as tuning stability, material quality, and craftsmanship are essential, with prices typically ranging from $1,000 to over $3,000.

The Origins of the Handpan

The story of the handpan begins with the steel pan, a percussion instrument created from oil barrels in the 1930s in Trinidad and Tobago. These steel pans, with their distinctive sound, laid the groundwork for future innovations in the world of musical instruments.

The handpan as we know it today was developed in the late 1990s by Felix Rohner and Sabina Schärer, who had been crafting steel pans for decades. Their goal was to create an instrument that combined the characteristics of various musical instruments, resulting in a new and unique sound. After years of experimentation, they invented the PANArt Hang in 2001 at Musikmesse Frankfurt, a pivotal moment in handpan history. The Hang was officially presented to the public in 2001 in Frankfurt, Germany.

As the PANArt Hang gained popularity, other instrument makers were inspired to create similar instruments. However, since the trademarked name ‘Hang’ is trademarked, these new creations were referred to as ‘handpans’, called this to distinguish them. Compared to handpans, Hang instruments are generally more expensive due to limited availability. The term "handpan" refers to any type of Hang-style steel pan created by manufacturers other than PANArt. This term has since become the standard for describing this family of instruments, marking a new chapter in the development of musical expression. The term 'handpan' became common in 2007 as more manufacturers began creating their own versions of the instrument.

Anatomy of a Handpan

A handpan consists of two hemispherical shells that are carefully constructed and glued together to form a convex steel drum shape. The top shell is where you’ll find the notes, arranged around a central dome known as the ‘Ding’, which is located in the middle of the handpan and serves as the focal point for the instrument’s layout and sound, producing the instrument’s fundamental tone. The bottom shell features a port, often with a neck inside, which contributes to the Helmholtz resonance, enhancing the overall sound. The handpan is constructed from two convex steel halves glued together to create its unique shape.

Each note on the handpan is situated within a tone field, a flat area that can be played to produce sound. The arrangement and tuning of these tone fields are crucial, as they determine the musical scale and the range of melodies the instrument can produce. The center note, usually shaped like an apex, sets the key for the entire handpan and is integral to its musical identity. Each handpan features a central dome called a Ding, which creates the root or bass note.

The design of the handpan, reminiscent of a flying saucer, is not just for aesthetics; it plays a vital role in producing its unique sound. The combination of the Ding, the tone fields, and the Helmholtz resonance creates the rich, resonant tones that have made the handpan a beloved instrument across the globe.

How a Handpan Works

The handpan is an idiophone, a type of percussion instrument and musical instrument that produces sound through its own vibrations. Unlike other instruments that rely on strings, air, or tensioned membranes, the handpan creates music through the vibrations of its metal surface when struck. The instrument’s sound can vary in tone and sustain depending on the area of the surface that is struck. Each of its tone fields is under compressive stress, allowing it to produce sound without the need for additional tension.

Handpans can be tuned to various musical scales, including: Each handpan is tuned to a specific musical scale, which makes playing random notes sound more pleasant. The pre-tuned scales of handpans make them accessible for beginners, allowing for harmonious music creation.

• Major

• Natural minor

• Harmonic minor

• Hijaz

• Mixolydian

It is important to note that tuning a handpan is a specialized skill that requires professional expertise and specific tools. Unlike stringed instruments such as the guitar, you should not attempt to tune a handpan with a standard guitar tuner, as improper tuning can damage the instrument.

Typically, a handpan features eight to twenty-one notes in its scale, with D minor being a particularly popular choice for its enchanting sound. The handpan notes produced by a handpan are characterized by their soft, mallet-like tones, rich in harmonics.

This unique tuning and the arrangement of notes make the handpan ideal for intuitive play. Musicians can easily create melodic music, allowing the instrument to shine in a wide range of musical genres and settings, all while keeping the tune in mind. Beginners are able to create pleasant sounds on a handpan with a light and quick touch. Handpans can be used in diverse music genres, including world music, ambient, folk, and electronic music.

The Sound of a Handpan

The sound of a handpan is known for its rich resonance and complex harmonic structure, making it a perfect instrument for creating ambient and melodic music. Typically tuned to diatonic scales, which consist of seven notes, handpans offer a wide range of musical expression. This broad tonal spectrum allows for a seamless combination of both high and low notes, creating a unique auditory experience that is often heard. Handpans are increasingly used in film and video game scores for their evocative tones. The handpan creates many layers of sound and ethereal effects, working well with drone instruments.

Compared to other instruments like the Steel Tongue Drum, handpans produce deeper and more intricate sounds. While the Steel Tongue Drum tends to create simpler rhythms, the handpan’s music is often described as more melodic and smooth. Like many instruments, handpans can produce a wide variety of sounds and tonal qualities depending on their construction and tuning. Understanding the sound quality and timbre of a handpan is crucial; a well-made handpan should produce consistent tones across its notes, enhancing the playing experience.

The arrangement of notes on a handpan, referred to as its scale, significantly influences the instrument’s musical range and the melodies it can produce. This carefully crafted design allows musicians to explore a vast array of musical landscapes, making the handpan a truly versatile instrument.

Types of Handpans

Handpans are a relatively new type of musical instrument, but they already come in a variety of styles and constructions to suit different musical tastes and playing preferences. The most recognizable type is the convex steel drum played with the hands, crafted from steel pans and featuring seven to eight notes arranged around a central dome. Each note is carefully tuned to a specific musical scale—such as the harmonic minor or other popular scales—giving the handpan its signature, unique sound.

One of the most famous handpans is the Hang drum, a trademarked name for the original instrument developed by PANArt. While the Hang drum set the standard, many other instrument makers have since created their own versions, experimenting with different materials and tunings to produce a wide range of handpan sounds. Some handpan makers use stainless steel for a bright, resonant tone, while others prefer nitrided steel for a warmer, more mellow sound. These material choices, along with the scale and number of notes, allow musicians to select the best instrument for their style and needs.

Handpans can be tuned to a variety of musical scales, from major and minor to more exotic modes, making them versatile instruments for solo performances or group settings. Whether you’re drawn to the classic sound of the Hang or the innovative qualities of newer handpans, there’s a style and tone to inspire every musician. As the world of handpan makers continues to grow, so does the diversity of instruments available, ensuring that every player can find a handpan that resonates with their musical journey.

Playing Techniques for the Handpan

The handpan’s unique construction allows for a variety of playing techniques, each producing different sounds and musical effects. One common technique is tapping, where players strike the tone fields with their fingertips to create melodic sounds through handpan work. This method is often used to play gentle, flowing melodies that highlight the handpan’s harmonic richness. Common handpan techniques include center note playing and slap technique. The handpan is typically played with both hands, allowing for a variety of striking techniques.

For a sharper and more rhythmic sound, players can use the slapping technique, which involves striking the handpan with the flat of the hand to produce a staccato effect. This technique is excellent for adding rhythmic accents and creating dynamic musical passages.

Sliding, another popular technique, allows players to transition smoothly between notes by gliding their fingers across the surface of the handpan with the lightest touch, adding fluidity to their open melodies and a relatively new type of magic through vibration that can happen.

Rolling techniques, which involve rapidly striking the tone fields in quick succession, can create a textured and complex soundscape. This method is often used to enhance the musical texture and add depth to performances. Each of these techniques showcases the versatility of the handpan, allowing musicians to express a wide range of emotions and musical styles.

Choosing the Right Handpan

Selecting the perfect handpan involves considering several factors:

• Tuning stability: A well-crafted handpan maintains stable tuning over time, ensuring consistent sound quality despite environmental changes.

• Material quality

• Craftsmanship

It’s important to remember that high prices do not always guarantee superior quality; some expensive handpans may not perform as well as more affordable options, highlighting the differences in performance.

The material used in a handpan significantly affects its sound characteristics. Ember steel and Stainless steel handpans offer bright tones, while nitrided steel handpans provide clear overtones. However, nitrided steel is not suitable for beginners. Buying directly from handpan makers can offer customization options that may not be available in stores, allowing you to tailor the instrument to your preferences. Reputable sellers often provide detailed information on materials, waiting lists, and customer reviews, which can help in making an informed decision.

Attending handpan festivals and connecting with makers can also provide opportunities to try instruments first-hand and find the best instrument for your needs. Most handcrafted handpans typically range from $1,000 to $3,000, but the popularity of handpans has led to inflated prices by some manufacturers.

Where to Buy a Handpan

When it comes to purchasing a handpan, there are several options to consider. Online marketplaces offer a broad range of choices and often feature diverse brands and models. These platforms provide the convenience of comparing multiple handpans and reading customer reviews, but it can be challenging to assess the instrument’s quality without playing it in person. Asking customer service on the platform for style recommendations is a good idea. Be wary of some online distributors; they sell low-quality handpans at high prices.

Specialty stores offer the advantage of allowing you to physically test the instrument before buying. This hands-on experience can be invaluable in finding the right handpan for your musical style and preferences. However, the prices offered by physical retail stores are expensive. Additionally, purchasing directly from handpan makers ensures you receive a handpan crafted to high-quality standards and often provides insight into the making process.

Finding trustworthy sellers is crucial. Look for reputable handpan makers who provide detailed information about their instruments and have positive customer reviews. This approach will help you find a high-quality handpan that meets your musical needs and expectations, making it easier to choose the right maker. Please note that some handpans with fancy patterns are mass-produced models with a coating, and their sound quality is dull.

Price Range and Quality Considerations

The price range for handpans typically falls between $1,000 and over $3,000. Several factors influence the price, including the brand, material, and craftsmanship of the handpan. The high demand for handpans, combined with the low supply and the time-consuming process of crafting each instrument, contributes to their high prices. Skilled builders can take months to finish a single handpan, and this intricate craftsmanship cannot be mass-produced.

When considering the price, it’s important to balance cost with quality. While some handpans may be expensive, they may not always offer the best sound or durability. Evaluating the material, tuning stability, and craftsmanship can help you make a more informed purchase.

Remember, the most expensive option is not always the best; a well-made handpan that suits your musical style and needs is the ultimate goal. By understanding these price and quality considerations, you can navigate the handpan market more effectively and find an instrument that brings joy and inspiration to your musical journey.

Handpan Work and Maintenance

To preserve the unique sound and quality of your handpan, regular care and maintenance are essential. Handpan makers recommend cleaning the instrument gently with a soft, dry cloth to remove fingerprints and dust, as oils and moisture can affect the steel surface over time. It’s important to store your handpan in a dry environment and avoid exposing it to extreme temperatures or humidity, which can impact the instrument’s tuning and overall sound.

When playing, use a light touch—striking the tone fields too hard can damage the delicate tuning and affect the resonance of the notes. The handpan is constructed from two convex steel halves that are glued together, and the opening on the underside, called the Gu, helps the instrument produce its warm, long tones. Protecting this structure is key to maintaining the handpan’s unique sound.

Regular tuning is also important to keep your handpan sounding its best. While some experienced musicians may attempt minor tuning adjustments themselves, it’s generally recommended to have your instrument tuned by a professional handpan maker or tuner. This ensures that each note, or tone field, remains clear and harmonious, preserving the quality that makes the handpan such a special instrument. With proper care, your handpan will continue to produce beautiful music for years to come.

Community and Resources

The handpan community is a vibrant and welcoming group of musicians, makers, and enthusiasts who share a passion for this unique musical instrument. Whether you’re new to the world of handpans or an experienced player, there are countless resources available to help you learn, connect, and grow as a musician. Online forums, social media groups, and local meetups provide spaces for sharing tips, experiences, and music, while handpan makers and seasoned players often offer workshops, tutorials, and instructional videos.

For those interested in exploring the handpan’s rich history—from its development out of the steel pan and steel drum traditions to its rapid evolution in the early 2000s—there are dedicated websites and YouTube channels that delve into the instrument’s background and innovations. Musicians can also find a variety of accessories, such as protective cases, stands, and tuning tools, through online stores and marketplaces.

Connecting with the handpan community not only enhances your playing and understanding of the instrument, but also opens up opportunities to participate in festivals, group performances, and collaborative projects. Whether you’re seeking advice on tuning, looking for the right instrument, or simply want to share your music, the global handpan group is an invaluable resource for anyone captivated by the magic of this remarkable instrument.

Summary

The handpan is a remarkable musical instrument with a rich history, unique construction, and captivating sound. From its origins in the steelpan of Trinidad and Tobago to its modern incarnation, the handpan has evolved into a beloved instrument for musicians around the world. The modern handpan is based on the traditional Caribbean steel drum, which originates from Trinidad and Tobago. Understanding its anatomy, how it works, and the various playing techniques can help you appreciate the depth and versatility of the handpan. Listening to or playing the handpan can improve sleep quality by promoting relaxation. The handpan can engage users in therapeutic contexts, such as music therapy and sound baths.

When choosing a handpan, consider factors such as tuning stability, material quality, and craftsmanship. Whether purchasing online, in specialty stores, or directly from makers, finding a reputable seller is crucial. Many handpan makers have waiting lists that can extend for years due to high demand. Purchasing a handpan from a reputable manufacturer guarantees better quality than buying used. By balancing price and quality, you can find the perfect handpan to enhance your musical journey and create beautiful, melodic music.

Frequently Asked Questions

What is the difference between a handpan and a Steel Tongue Drum?

The handpan produces deeper and more intricate sounds, while the Steel Tongue Drum offers simpler rhythmic patterns. Thus, the choice between them depends on the desired musical complexity. The balanced frequency ratios of the handpan are processed by the brain as calming, producing a soothing effect. The handpan's design makes it suitable for intuitive playing and meditation. The handpan can serve as a focal point in solo performances due to its expressiveness.

How much does a handpan typically cost?

A artisan handpan typically costs between $1,000 and $3,000, influenced by its brand, material, and craftsmanship. Some handpans may be priced between $800 and $6,000 depending on various factors. Handpans manufactured in bulk by machines may cost $200- $400, while those manufactured by novice craftsmen may cost $400- $800.

Can I customize my handpan when buying directly from a maker?

You can indeed customize your handpan when buying directly from a maker, as they often provide options for personalization that are not typically available in retail outlets.

What playing techniques can I use on a handpan?

You can use techniques such as tapping, slapping, sliding, and rolling on a handpan, each creating unique sounds and musical effects. Experimenting with these methods will enhance your playing experience.

Why are handpans so expensive?

Handpans are costly because of their high demand and limited supply, coupled with the intricate craftsmanship involved in creating each unique instrument. This combination of factors contributes significantly to their price. Skilled builders can take months to finish a single handpan, and this intricate craftsmanship cannot be mass-produced. Many handpan makers have waiting lists that can extend for years due to high demand.